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KMID : 1007420140120010005
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Mood and Emotion
2014 Volume.12 No. 1 p.5 ~ p.14
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Stress, Depression and HPA Axis
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Woo Young-Sup
Bahk Won-Myong
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Abstract
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Major depression is highly prevalent mental illness and one of the leading causes of premature death and disability. Despite the high prevalence and disabilities, knowledge about pathophysiology of depression is still rudimentary. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the mechanism of depression, especially concentrate on the recent advances in the role of stress system. Considering its role at the interface between stress and brain functioning, it is perhaps not surprising that the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (HPA axis) has been found abnormal in depression. HPA axis activity is governed by the secretion of corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (AVP) from the hypothalamus, which activate the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary, which subsequently stimulates the secretion of the glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoids then interact with their receptors in multiple target tissues including the HPA axis. We will present data supporting the hypothesis that HPA axis hyperactivity and abnormality in its components is not a simple consequence or an epiphenomenon of depression, but on the contrary that it is a risk factor predisposing to the development of depression.
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KEYWORD
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Stress, Depression, HPA axis, Trauma
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